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Building envelope inspection checklist

A building envelope inspection for the external walls while they are being built, filled in on a phone from the scaffold before the cladding covers anything. Work elevation by elevation: the wall system and cladding, breather membrane or weather-resistive barrier laps and tapes, the air barrier at sheathing joints, window and door openings with sill trays and tapes, flashings and cavity trays, cladding fixings, the cavity gap against the specified gap, cavity barriers, insulation and sealants. Each air barrier transition (wall to roof, wall to ground, window and door perimeters, penetrations) is recorded with its result, position and photos, then the mock-up approval, water tests and the air leakage test result against the target you enter. For the windows themselves use the window installation checklist.

For main contractors, envelope and cladding contractors, site managers, clerks of works, building envelope consultants and air barrier installers checking walls before they are closed up.

One form for the UK and the US: breather membrane or weather-resistive barrier, cavity tray or flashing, air permeability or air changes per hour. The notes cite Approved Documents L and B for England and the residential air leakage test as one US county publishes it. Targets and limits come from your own code and energy calculation.

  • Each elevation as a space: wall system, cladding, membranes and the cavity gap against the specified gap
  • Air barrier transitions and penetrations as items, each with a result, GPS position and photos
  • Openings, flashings, cavity trays, cladding fixings, cavity barriers, insulation and sealants
  • Mock-up approval, water tests as specified, and the air leakage result against the target you enter
  • Ready to close up per elevation, actions with owners and dates, and signatures

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What is checked in a building envelope inspection?

A building envelope inspection is useful when it happens lift by lift before the cladding or outer leaf covers the work, uses the air barrier drawing to find every transition, and photographs each window head, sill and penetration so gaps are fixed while they are still reachable.

Last updated . Facts checked by the SiteSurvey team on 27 October 2026 against Approved Document L, Volume 1: Dwellings, 2026 edition (England), paragraphs 3.22, 6.2 to 6.8 and Table 3.1, Approved Document L, Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings, 2026 edition (England), paragraphs 6.5 and 6.6 and Table 3.1, Approved Document B (fire safety), Volume 2, 2019 edition incorporating 2020, 2022, 2025 and 2026 amendments, section 9 cavities and Pima County, Arizona, Residential Energy Testing (air leakage testing from the 2012 International Residential Code).

How to inspect a building envelope

Inspect each lift before it is clad or the outer leaf closes it in. Take the air barrier drawing and the details.

  1. Set up the inspection

    Enter the contractors, the specification and drawings (air barrier line, cavity barriers, details), the stage and whether the mock-up was approved.

  2. Check each elevation

    Add each elevation. Tick the wall system and cladding, enter the specified cavity gap and the smallest you find, and work through the checks, saying what needs doing for anything not right.

  3. Record the transitions

    Add each air barrier transition and penetration you look at: wall to roof, wall to ground, window and door perimeters, ducts and brackets. Photograph each one before it is covered and record any gap.

  4. Enter the tests

    Add any water test the specification asks for, and the air leakage test: who did it, the units, the target from your specification, energy calculation or code, and the result.

  5. Decide and sign

    Mark each elevation ready to close up or not, list the actions with owners and dates, and sign with the envelope contractor.

What makes a building envelope inspection useful

Air barrier transitions and penetrations, one item each with result, position and photos

North elevation, level 1. T1: window W1.04 head, no air-sealing tape across the frame head, open joint to the block inner leaf for about 900 mm with daylight visible from inside. Window check marked Action needed and T1 marked as already counted. Witham Brick and Window to tape it and photograph it by 21 Oct, then check every level 1 head.

Fictional example. Record the actual evidence and approved arrangements for your job.

A common recording mistake

Waiting for the air test to find the leaks, by which time the window heads, duct sleeves and floor junctions are behind brickwork and plaster and cost far more to reach.

What happens next

Re-inspect the elevations marked not ready before they are closed in, and keep the transition photos with the air test report for handover.

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Every question in the building envelope inspection template

A building envelope inspection during construction: each elevation with its wall system and cladding, breather membrane or weather-resistive barrier laps and tapes, air barrier at sheathing joints, openings with sill pans and tapes, flashings and cavity trays, cladding fixings, the cavity gap against the specified gap, cavity barriers and fire stopping, insulation and sealants, each air barrier transition with photos, mock-up approval, water tests, the air leakage test result against the entered target, actions and sign-off. 4 sections and 100 questions. Follow-up questions and guidance appear only when an answer calls for them, so the person on site never sees the ones that do not apply.

Make it your own: every question is editable

This is a starting point, not a fixed form. Once it is in your SiteSurvey account you can reword any question, add or remove questions, sections and answer options, and add your own logo, so it fits the way your team works and the jobs you do.

Details you only enter once

Add this form to a project in SiteSurvey and it fills in what the project already knows, so nobody on site retypes it and every form on the job uses the same names. Anything filled in can still be changed.

  • Project: the project name
  • Site address: the site address, from the space or the project
  • Client or owner: the project's customer

Inspection details

Fill in before you walk the scaffold.

  • ProjectShort answer

    Filled in from the project in SiteSurvey.

    Fills in from the project name
  • Site addressShort answer
    Fills in from the site address, from the space or the project
  • Client or ownerShort answer
    Fills in from the project's customer
  • Location (GPS)Short answer
  • Inspection date*Date
  • Inspected by*Short answer
  • Main contractorShort answer
  • Envelope or cladding contractorShort answer
  • Specification and drawings inspected againstShort answer

    Wall types, air barrier line, membranes, cavity barriers and details, for example spec section F10 and details A-501 to A-512.

  • Where is the building?Choose one
    • England
    • Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland
    • United States
    • Other
  • StageChoose one
    • Membranes and air barrier exposed, before cladding
    • Cladding in progress
    • Envelope complete
    • Re-inspection after repairs
  • Mock-up or first-run approvalChoose one
    • Approved
    • Approved with comments
    • Not yet approved
    • No mock-up specified
  • Mock-up reference and who approved itShort answer
    Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
  • CheckThe mock-up is not yet approved. Work built before approval may need changing.
    Shown when “Mock-up or first-run approval” is “Not yet approved”
  • CheckThis is a site record of the envelope as seen before it is covered. It does not certify airtightness, weathertightness or fire safety. Gaps, laps, fixing centres, test methods and air leakage targets come from the specification, the energy calculation and the local code, and are entered by the inspector.
  • Walk Cam: elevation walk-roundWalk Cam video with voice-to-text

    Optional. Film a guided walk-round on the SiteSurvey app.

  • Weather on siteAnswer

Elevations

  • GuidanceAdd each elevation. Enter the specified gap next to the smallest you find. Add each air barrier transition you check as an item with its result and photos; if a gap is why a check says Action needed, answer Yes on the transition so it is counted once.
  • GuidanceEngland, air barrier: Approved Document L (Volume 1, paragraph 3.22) says the drawings should show the position, continuity and extent of the air barrier; service penetrations should be sealed with grommets or collars and air-sealing tape or sealant; in timber frame the vapour control layer should overlap and be taped at seams and junctions where it is the air barrier, with tears repaired before boarding; sheathing that forms the air barrier should be taped at junctions and edges; and window and door frames should connect to the primary air barrier, taped to the opening with air-sealing tape.
  • GuidanceEngland, cavity barriers: Approved Document B (Volume 2 paragraphs 9.2, 9.3 and 9.15; Volume 1 section 8 for flats) says cavity barriers should divide cavities and close their edges, including around windows, doors and service openings, and at the junction of an external cavity wall with every compartment floor and compartment wall, tightly fitted to a rigid construction and mechanically fixed. Cavity barriers are not the same as fire-stopping. Record each seal on the Fire Stopping Installation Record.
  • Elevations
    Repeat for each elevation. Each one asks:
    • Elevation*Short answer

      For example North elevation, or Courtyard elevation, block B.

    • Levels or grid lines inspectedShort answer
    • Wall systemTick all that apply
      • Timber frame
      • Light gauge steel frame
      • Masonry cavity wall
      • Concrete or steel frame with infill walls
      • Cross-laminated timber (CLT)
      • Other
    • CladdingTick all that apply
      • Brick or brick slip
      • Render
      • Timber cladding
      • Fibre cement boards
      • Metal panels or rainscreen
      • Curtain walling
      • Siding (vinyl, fibre cement, wood)
      • Other
    • Membrane and tapes specifiedShort answer

      Product names from the specification.

    • Cavity or ventilation gap specified (mm or inches)Number

      Smallest clear gap the specification or maker gives.

    • Smallest gap found (same units)Number
    • Gap against the specificationWorked out by the form
      Shown when “Cavity or ventilation gap specified (mm or inches)” is answered
    • e_gap_smallWorked out by the form
    • Breather membrane or weather-resistive barrier as specified, laps shed water (upper over lower) and taped where specifiedChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Membrane undamaged; tears and holes repaired before claddingChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Air barrier: sheathing joints or membrane seams taped where they form the air barrierChoose one

      The drawings should show where the air barrier is.

      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Window and door openings: sill pans or trays, perimeter membrane and tapes lapped as detailedChoose one

      Each perimeter can be added as a transition below.

      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Flashings, cavity trays, stop ends and weep holes as drawnChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Cladding brackets, rails and fixings of the specified type, at the specified centresChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Cavity barriers and fire stopping in the cavity at floors, compartment walls and openings, as drawnChoose one

      Record each fire stopping seal on the fire stopping record. Mark Not applicable if none.

      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Insulation fitted tight, no gaps, held as the maker requiresChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Sealants of the specified type, joints sized and tooled, backer rod where specifiedChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Fixings and services have not damaged the membrane or air barrierChoose one
      • Acceptable
      • Action needed
      • Not checked
      • Not applicable
    • What needs doing, or why not checkedNotes
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
    • Air barrier transitions and penetrations
      Repeat for each transition. Each one asks:
      • Reference*Short answer

        For example T1.

      • Transition*Choose one
        • Wall to roof
        • Wall to foundation or ground floor
        • Window perimeter
        • Door perimeter
        • Service or duct penetration
        • Balcony, bracket or structural penetration
        • Movement joint
        • Other
      • WhereShort answer

        Level, grid line or window reference, for example level 3, window W3.07 head.

      • Position (GPS)Short answer
      • Air barrier continuity*Choose one
        • Continuous and sealed
        • Gap or defect: fix
        • Not built yet
      • What is wrong and what needs doingNotes
        Shown when “Air barrier continuity” is “Gap or defect: fix”
      • Gap length (mm or inches)Number

        Tape, or a photo measure with a known size in the same plane (an estimate). mm or inches.

        Shown when “Air barrier continuity” is “Gap or defect: fix”
      • Who will fix itShort answer
        Shown when “Air barrier continuity” is “Gap or defect: fix”
      • PhotosPhotos

        Before it is covered: close up, and one showing where it is.

      • Already marked Action needed in a check above?Yes or No

        Answer Yes if this gap is the reason a check above says Action needed, so it is counted once.

        Shown when “Air barrier continuity” is “Gap or defect: fix”
    • Transitions checkedWorked out by the form
    • Gaps needing action (not already in a check)Worked out by the form
    • Photos of the elevationPhotos

      The whole elevation, then the membrane, openings and cavity before they are covered.

    • This elevation: items needing actionWorked out by the form
    • Not checkedWorked out by the form
    • Ready to close up (clad over)?*Yes or No
    • CheckThis elevation has items needing action. Fix and re-check them before it is covered.
      Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
  • Elevations inspectedWorked out by the form
  • Ready to close upWorked out by the form
  • Transitions checkedWorked out by the form
  • Elevation items needing actionWorked out by the form
  • Not checkedWorked out by the form

Water and air leakage tests

  • Water tests
    Repeat for each water test. Each one asks:
    • Where tested*Short answer

      For example window W2.04, north elevation.

    • Method as specifiedShort answer

      For example hose test to the specification, or the standard named in it.

    • Result*Choose one
      • Pass: no water inside
      • Fail: water inside
      • Not done yet
    • Tested byShort answer
    • NotesNotes

      Where the water came through and what will be done.

      Shown when “Result” is “Fail: water inside”
    • PhotosPhotos
  • Water tests failedWorked out by the form
  • Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test*Choose one
    • Done
    • Booked
    • Not required for this building
    • Not known
  • GuidanceEngland: Approved Document L says an air pressure test should be carried out on every new dwelling (Volume 1, paragraph 6.5) and that buildings other than dwellings must be pressure tested apart from the exceptions in Volume 2 paragraph 6.6, using CIBSE TM23. Table 3.1 in both volumes gives a limiting air permeability of 8.0 m3/(h.m2) at 50 Pa; the target in your energy calculation or specification may be lower. A dwelling that fails is improved and retested, and all results, including failures, go to the building control body.
    Shown when “Where is the building?” is “England”
  • GuidanceUS: the 2012 International Residential Code air leakage provisions, as Pima County, Arizona publishes them, require the dwelling to be tested with a blower door at 50 pascals after all envelope penetrations are made, against a maximum rate in air changes per hour set by climate zone, with a written report to the code official. Limits differ by code edition, state and climate zone: enter the target your code sets.
    Shown when “Where is the building?” is “United States”
  • TestChoose one
    • Interim (air barrier test before finishes)
    • Final (completed building)
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • Tester and companyShort answer
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • Date tested or bookedDate
    Shown only when the answers above make it relevant
  • Report or certificate referenceShort answer
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • UnitsChoose one
    • m3/(h.m2) at 50 Pa
    • Air changes per hour at 50 Pa (ACH50)
    • Other (state in the notes)
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • Target (from the specification, energy calculation or code)Number
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • Measured resultNumber
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • Result against the targetWorked out by the form
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • air_failWorked out by the form
  • Leaks found during the testNotes

    Where the tester found air coming in, for example with smoke or a thermal camera.

    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”
  • Test reportPhotos
    Shown when “Air leakage (pressure or blower door) test” is “Done”

Result, actions and sign-off

  • Items needing actionWorked out by the form
  • ResultWorked out by the form
  • Actions
    Repeat for each action. Each one asks:
    • Action*Notes
    • PriorityChoose one
      • Urgent: water getting in
      • Before cladding or close-up
      • Before the air test
      • Before handover
    • Who will do it*Short answer
    • Due byDate
    • Status*Choose one
      • Open
      • In progress
      • Done, checked
    • Photo when donePhotos
      Shown when “Status” is “Done, checked”
  • Actions still openWorked out by the form
  • Decision*Choose one
    • Ready to close up
    • Ready once the listed actions are done
    • Not ready: re-inspect
  • Next check or re-inspection dateDate
  • Summary for the clientNotes
  • Inspector nameShort answer
  • Inspector signature*Signature
  • Envelope contractor nameShort answer
  • Envelope contractor signatureSignature

See it filled in

A completed building envelope inspection report, made by SiteSurvey from a fictional site visit: every answer, the photos, the guidance that applied and the sign-off, ready to send as a PDF.

See completed form (PDF) ↗

Building envelope inspection FAQs

What is an air barrier inspection?

It is a check that the layer meant to stop air leaking through the walls is continuous before it is hidden: membrane and sheathing joints taped, window and door frames sealed to it, and every pipe, duct and bracket through it sealed. In England, Approved Document L Volume 1 (paragraph 3.22) says the drawings should show where the air barrier is, services through it should be sealed with grommets or collars and air-sealing tape, and window and door frames should be taped to the opening. This form records each transition with photos.

Source: Approved Document L, Volume 1: Dwellings, 2026 edition (England), paragraphs 3.22, 6.2 to 6.8 and Table 3.1.

Does a new building need an air leakage test?

In England, Approved Document L says an air pressure test should be carried out on every new dwelling (Volume 1, paragraph 6.5), and buildings other than dwellings must be pressure tested apart from the exceptions in Volume 2, paragraph 6.6, using CIBSE TM23. Table 3.1 in both volumes gives a limiting air permeability of 8.0 m3/(h.m2) at 50 Pa; the target in your energy calculation may be lower. In the US, residential codes require a blower door test, but the limit depends on the edition, state and climate zone, so enter the target your code sets.

Sources: Approved Document L, Volume 1: Dwellings, 2026 edition (England), paragraphs 3.22, 6.2 to 6.8 and Table 3.1, Approved Document L, Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings, 2026 edition (England), paragraphs 6.5 and 6.6 and Table 3.1 and Pima County, Arizona, Residential Energy Testing (air leakage testing from the 2012 International Residential Code).

How is a US blower door test done for a house?

Pima County, Arizona publishes the air leakage rules it uses from the 2012 International Residential Code: the house is tested with a blower door at 50 pascals, at any time after all penetrations of the building thermal envelope are made, against a maximum rate in air changes per hour set by climate zone, and a written report goes to the code official. Other jurisdictions use other editions and amendments. The form records the tester, units, target and result, and flags a result above the target.

Source: Pima County, Arizona, Residential Energy Testing (air leakage testing from the 2012 International Residential Code).

Where do cavity barriers go in an external wall?

In England, Approved Document B (Volume 2, paragraph 9.3; Volume 1 section 8 for flats) says cavity barriers should close the edges of cavities, including around windows, doors and service openings, and go at the junction of an external cavity wall with every compartment floor and compartment wall. Paragraph 9.15 says they should be tightly fitted to a rigid construction and mechanically fixed. Cavity barriers are not the same as fire-stopping; record each fire stopping seal on the fire stopping installation record.

Source: Approved Document B (fire safety), Volume 2, 2019 edition incorporating 2020, 2022, 2025 and 2026 amendments, section 9 cavities.

Is this the same as a building facade inspection?

No. A facade inspection usually looks at the condition of an existing building's outside walls. This form is for walls under construction, checking membranes, the air barrier, openings and cavities before they are covered. For the inside face before boarding, use the pre-drywall inspection checklist, and for below-ground or roof waterproofing the waterproofing inspection checklist.

Does the completed form certify the envelope?

No. It is a record of what was seen, measured and photographed on each elevation, the test results entered, the actions and who signed. It does not certify airtightness, weathertightness or fire safety; the air tester's certificate, the building control body or building department and the designers deal with those.

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